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Wrocław Opera
The Wrocław Opera is an opera company and opera house in Wrocław, Poland. The opera house was opened in 1841 and up to 1945 was known as the Breslau Opera.
==History==
An Italian opera company was established in Wroclaw (Breslau) in 1725 by Antonio Maria Peruzzi, following a split with Antonio Denzio with whom he had collaborated in the Peruzzi-Denzio company at the Sporck theatre in Prague.〔''The Opera Theater of Count Franz Anton von Sporck in Prague'', p. 44, Daniel E. Freeman (1992). "The final outcome was the establishment of an opera company in Breslau, with Peruzzi as impresario, and the defection of a number of members of Denzio's company to Peruzzi's company."〕 The Theater on the Cold Ashes was opened in 1755 by Franz von Schuch (1716–1764) and performed operas till his death in 1764.〔Erika Fischer-Lichte ''History of European Drama and Theatre'', p. 150, 2002. "After Schuch was brutally rejected by the city council in the merchant city, Frankfurt, because of bitter controversy between religious leaders, he succeeded in gaining citizen's rights in Breslau in 1754. He built a theatre there on his own land, and performed regularly from 1755 to 1764."〕 His son, Schuch the younger, brought the first operas of Johann Adam Hiller to the Theodor Lobe's theatre in Breslau in 1770. His successor Johann Christian Wäser introduced more, including local Singspiel translations of works by Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny.〔''North German Opera in the Age of Goethe'', p. 83, Thomas Bauman (1985). "Breslau in Silesia offered German companies an attractive alternative to Leipzig or Berlin. Like them, it could support a company from autumn ... the charming name Theater on the Cold Ashes. Schuch brought the first Hiller operas to Breslau in 1770, and his successor Johann Christian Waser introduced many more. In addition, Breslau saw the premieres of three new operas of its own in 1771 and 1772."〕 In 1806 Abbé Vogler invited Carl Maria von Weber to conduct the Breslau Opera when he was only 18.〔''Pianoforte Music Its History, with Biographical Sketches'', p. 105, John Comfort Fillmore (2005). "Before he was quite eighteen years old, he was called, on the recommendation of the Abbe Vogler, to be conductor of the opera in Breslau. He showed marked talent in his new position of responsibility, and gained invaluable experience."〕〔''The Opera and its Future in America'', p. 149, Herbert Graf (1941). "Weber had worked hard for the organization of German opera in Breslau, Prague, and Dresden. He was not only conductor, but stage director as well, supervising the unity of the whole performance, ..."〕 The opera house was constructed in 1841 to designs by Carl Gotthard Langhans. It was remodelled twice after fires in 1865 by and 1871 by Karl Schmidt. After the first fire Theodor Lobe in 1867 invited the young conductor Ernst Schuch (1846–1914) to begin his career at the theatre.
After World War I notable productions during the interwar years included Schönberg's ''Die glückliche Hand'' (1928). The music directors in this period included Franz von Hoesslin who was forced to leave the city, and Germany, in 1928.〔Jonathan Huener, Francis R. Nicosia "The arts in Nazi Germany: continuity, conformity, change", p. 102, 2006. "Alfred Einstein, 'Opera in Breslau: Schönberg's ''Die glückliche Hand'' (Favored Hand ), Handel's ''Joshua'', and Ballet", ''Berliner Tageblatt'', 26 March 1928, trans. in ''Alfred Einstein on Music: Selected Music Criticisms''"〕
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